“People are having lots of other kinds of sex”: Exploring sexual lifeworlds of LGBTQ+ young people in Bangladesh

A lack of recognition of sexual diversity in Bangladesh continues to contribute to a scarcity in in-depth research around lived experiences of sexual and gender diverse young people. In this article, we adapt a phenomenological reflective lifeworld approach to capture the essential aspects of sexual intimacy as described by diverse young people. This article is based on qualitative data collected in Dhaka, Bangladesh over nine months in 2019 as part of the first author’s doctoral research. Using thematic analysis, we draw on experiences of normative sexual expectations from biographical in-depth interviews with 14 self-identifying lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) individuals aged 18 to 24 years. According to participants, sexual intimacy as experienced by LGBTQ+ young people in Bangladesh meant desiring consensual sexual and romantic relationships with sexually “matched” partner(s) while navigating heteropatriarchal sexuality norms. We observed five interlinked themes which encompassed the sexual lifeworld of young people in our study: desire for romantic intimacy in sexual interactions; need for discretion when navigating sex and relationships; “matching” sexual roles in partnerships; challenges to relational power dynamics of masculinity; and embodying notions of sexual morality. Our findings captured the essence of young people’s sexual lifeworlds in our study and indicate a universality around sexual intimacy while still making space for intersections of diverse lived experiences and social orientations. Further research is required to better understand these nuances in sexual behaviour

'Bending' against straightening devices: queer lived experiences of sexuality and sexual health in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: Despite global data around increased health risks among sexual and gender diverse populations, lived experiences of young lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, and others (LGBTQ+) people are often ignored in mainstream health research. This is particularly evident in countries such as Bangladesh where the rights of sexual minorities are not recognised. This article looks at queer lived experiences of sexuality and sexual health within such a context. We use the phenomenological framework of heteronormative 'straightening devices' - mechanisms working to direct people towards heterosexuality, gender conformity, and procreative marriage - to identify 'invisible' structures upholding normative sexual behaviours and see how young people in Bangladesh navigate these in their everyday lives. METHODS: This article is based on qualitative data collected in Dhaka, Bangladesh over nine months in 2019 as part of the first author's doctoral research. Using thematic analysis, we draw on experiences of normative sexual expectations from biographical in-depth interviews with 14 purposively sampled LGBTQ + individuals aged 18 to 24. RESULTS: Respondents identified heteronormative expectations around gender norms of traditional behaviour and presentation for men and women as well as parental expectations of compulsory heterosexuality through marriage. These straightening devices existed at multiple levels, including individual, interpersonal, community, and societal. The four main themes around straightening devices include marriage norms for women; harassment of feminine-presenting bodies in public spaces; heteronormative healthcare; and consequences of not embodying heteronormativity. CONCLUSION: Our study highlighted young people's everyday experiences of having to 'bend' to - and against - heteronormative straightening devices at home, in public spaces, and within institutions such as healthcare in Bangladesh. The exploration of queer experiences provides new insights into context-specific ways in which sexual and gender diverse people understand themselves. Further research using the framework of straightening devices can help public health professionals to identify more 'barriers' confronted by sexual and gender diverse young people

Public target interventions to reduce the inappropriate use of medicines or medical procedures: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: An epidemic of health disorders can be triggered by a collective manifestation of inappropriate behaviors, usually systematically fueled by non-medical factors at the individual and/or societal levels. This study aimed to (1) landscape and assess the evidence on interventions that reduce inappropriate demand of medical resources (medicines or procedures) by triggering behavioral change among healthcare consumers, (2) map out intervention components that have been tried and tested, and (3) identify the "active ingredients" of behavior change interventions that were proven to be effective in containing epidemics of inappropriate use of medical resources. METHODS: For this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO from the databases' inceptions to May 2019, without language restrictions, for behavioral intervention studies. Interventions had to be empirically evaluated with a control group that demonstrated whether the effects of the campaign extended beyond trends occurring in the absence of the intervention. Outcomes of interest were reductions in inappropriate or non-essential use of medicines and/or medical procedures for clinical conditions that do not require them. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full text for inclusion and extracted data on study characteristics (e.g., study design), intervention development, implementation strategies, and effect size. Data extraction sheets were based on the checklist from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included. The behavior change technique taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1), which contains 93 behavioral change techniques (BCTs), was used to characterize components of the interventions reported in the included studies. Of the 93 BCTs, 15 (16%) were identified within the descriptions of the selected studies targeting healthcare consumers. Interventions consisting of education messages, recommended behavior alternatives, and a supporting environment that incentivizes or encourages the adoption of a new behavior were more likely to be successful. CONCLUSIONS: There is a continued tendency in research reporting that mainly stresses the effectiveness of interventions rather than the process of identifying and developing key components and the parameters within which they operate. Reporting "negative results" is likely as critical as reporting "active ingredients" and positive findings for implementation science. This review calls for a standardized approach to report intervention studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42019139537

Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response.

Four billion people worldwide have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement. Such unprecedented extent of mobility restriction to curb the COVID-19 pandemic may have profound impacts on how individuals live, travel and retain well-being. This systematic review aims to identify (i) the social consequences of mass quarantine-community-wide movement restrictions-during previous and current infectious disease outbreaks and (ii) recommended strategies to mitigate the negative social implications of COVID-19 lockdowns. Considering social determinants of health, we conducted a systematic review by searching five databases (Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database) for publications from inception to 9 April 2020. No limitation was set on language, location or study type. Studies that (i) contained peer-reviewed original empirical evidence and (ii) focussed on non-epidemiological implications of mass quarantine were included. We thematically synthesized and reported data due to heterogeneous disease and country context. Of 3067 publications found, 15 original peer-reviewed articles were selected for full-text extraction. Psychological distress, heightened communication inequalities, food insecurity, economic challenges, diminished access to health care, alternative delivery of education and gender-based violence were identified as negative social consequences of community-based quarantine in six infectious disease epidemics, including the current COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, altruistic attitudes were identified as a positive consequence during previous quarantines. Diverse psychological and social consequences of mass quarantine in previous and current epidemics were evident, but individual country policies had been highly varied in how well they addressed the needs of affected individuals, especially those who are socially marginalized. Policymakers should balance the pros and cons of movement restrictions, facilitate multisectoral action to tackle social inequalities, provide clear and coherent guidance to the public and undertake time-bound policy evaluations to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and to establish preparedness strategies for future epidemics

Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Grading Scale (ICH-GS) Score as a Prognosis Prediction of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage at Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya Jemursari

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in Indonesia, but until now there is no specific therapy for this disease. The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score is a widely used predictive tool for the prognosis of death 30 days after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, but the intracerebral hemorrhage-grading scale (ICH-GS) score has a more specific interval to assess the prediction of the prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Rumah Sakit Islam (RSI) Jemursari Surabaya has not carried out data collection related to the ICH-GS score with the outcome (death) of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, especially while still receiving hospital treatment. Objective: To identify the number of ICH-GS scores in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage as a predictor of prognosis at RSI Jemursari Surabaya. Method: The type of this research is retrospective research. The population comprised of all patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage hospitalized at RSI Jemursari Surabaya in 2017-2019, with affordable population of all patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage diagnosed by a neurologist. Results: The data showed that 5.5% (6 people) had an ICH-GS score of 5; 38.2% (42 people) had an ICG-GS score of 6; 21.8% (24 people) had an ICH-GS score of 7; 20 % (22 people) had an ICH-GS score of 8; 5.5% (6 people) had an ICH-GS score of 9; 4.5% (5 people) had an ICH-GS score of 10; 3.6% (4 people) had an ICH-GS score of 11; and 0.9% (1 patient) had an ICH-GS score of 12. Conclusions: The results of the ICH-GS score can be used to facilitate communication both with fellow health workers and with the patient's family. Trend of the data showed that ICH-GS score is not consistent in showing the prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (the smaller the ICH-GS score should have better prognosis than the higher score), while the information based only on volume and location can predict the prognosis more consistently`

Pengaruh Kuat Arus dan Waktu Electroplating terhadap Ketahanan Korosi pada Velg

Proses electroplating adalah pelapisan material dengan menggunakan aliran listrik dan pengendapan ion pada permukaan material. Velg terbuat dari baja karbon rendah AISI 1015, dimana material tersebut mudah mengalami korosi pada permukaannya. Tujuan dalam penelitian untuk mengurangi terjadinya korosi pada velg. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode electroplating nickel dan chrome dengan variasi parameter kuat arus dan waktu pencelupan, pengujian material menggunakan metode laju korosi pengurangan massa material. Dimensi yang digunakan pada material panjang 40 mm, lebar 30 mm dan tebal 3 mm. Variasi parameter yang digunakan kuat arus 1 A, 2 A dan 3 A, dengan waktu pencelupan 20 menit, 30 menit dan 40 menit dengan menggunakan tegangan 12 V. Hasil penelitian dengan kuat arus 3 A, waktu pencelupan 40 menit, dan tegangan 12 V menghasilkan massa yang hilang sebesar 1,49 gram dengan presentasi massa hilang sebesar 5,17% dan nilai CR sebesar 512,53 mpy. Semakin besar kuat arus dan lama waktu pencelupan, maka massa yang hilang semakin kecil dan nilai CR semakin kecil. Semakin kecil massa yang hilang maka material semakin tahan terhadap korosi

Bola Basket Dalam Karya Seni Keramik

Bola Basket yang banyak dimainkan oleh setiap orang memiliki karakteristik khas dan sangat unik, yaitu berbentuk bulat, berwarna dasar cokelat dan bergaris hitam yang mengikatnya Terdapat suatu alasan yang mendasari penciptaan dengan Tema Bola Basket, yaitu kegemaran sejak lama hingga sekarang terhadap olahraga basket, ada sebuah kenikmatan di dalamnya juga kepuasan dalam mengolah gerak suatu bola, menggunakan taktik, melatih kemampuan, kerja sama tim, dan juga keinginan untuk mencapai suatu goal atau poin. Tujuan Penciptaan ini untuk menjelaskan proses penciptaan karya seni keramik dengan konsep bentuk bola basket sebagai ide dasar penciptaan, dan mendeskripsikan hasil penciptaan “Bola Basket dalam Karya Seni Keramik” yang memiliki kualitas semiotika dan estetika. Metode Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan semiotika dan pendekatan estetis Teori semiotika dan teori estetika digunakan untuk mengolah data acuan yang hendak dipakai untuk merancang skesta, serta teori tersebut juga untuk menganalisis karya yang berhasil diwujudkan. Metode penciptaan yang digunakan adalah melalui tahapan eksplorasi, perancangan, dan perwujudan. Proses penciptaan karya Bola Basket melalui proses yang panjang, konsep yang matang, dan memerlukan ketelitian dalam pengerjaannya. Pengolahan dan eksplorasi ide, penuangan kedalam lembar sketsa, perancangan desain dan skesta terpilih menjadi langkah awal melakukan proses penciptaan. Melanjutkan ke tahap perwujudan dengan melakukan pemilihan bahan baku tanah liat dan glasir. Teknik pembentukan pinch dan cetak tuang digunakan untuk mewujudkan karya, dan proses pengglasiran menggunakan teknik celup dan teknik spray. Tahap selanjutnya adalah proses pembakaran, pembakaran biskuit dan pembakaran glasir. Suhu yang dituju untuk mematangkan badan karya dan juga lapisan glasir adalah suhu 1160° C. Penciptaan karya seni keramik dengan tema Bola Basket menghasilkan karya-karya yang menampilkan eksplorasi matang ide bola basket, karya yang merekonstruksi bentuk bola basket, menyusun bola-bola basket menjadi figur pemain, karya berbentuk pemain basket lengkap dengan jersey yang memiliki kepala, tangan, dan kaki berupa bola basket, visualisasi ring basket, dan visualisasi lapangan basket. Seluruhnya terhitung 8 judul karya yang ditampilkan di atas pustek maupun instalasi panel dinding. Karya bola basket berhasil diciptakan menjadi sesuatu yang lain yang dapat menarik masyarakat pada umumnya, memberikan angin segar pada dunia seni khususnya seni keramik. Memberikan wacana dan referensi baru kepada mahasiswa seni khususnya dan memperbanyak ragam kreativitas dalam menciptakan karya seni

“I have taken your izzath (honour), so you can’t betray me”: Young people’s lived experiences of navigating sexual norms and violence in Bangladesh

AbstractLimited sexual health communication between young people and adults combined with widespread gender discrimination restrict young people’s access to reliable information and services in Bangladesh. Although taboos around sexuality have been documented in health research, there is little in-depth research on how young people navigate socio-sexual norms in their everyday lives. The objective of this article is to identify and discuss perceived socio-sexual norms and how young people experience and navigate these. This article is based on ethnographic data generated in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2019 as part of the first author’s doctoral research. Using thematic analysis, we draw on experiences of sexual norms and violence from in-depth biographical interviews with 46 individuals aged 18 to 24 from middle- or working-class backgrounds. Young people identified sexual abstinence before marriage as a key norm and highlighted several challenges when trying to negotiate this norm in practice. Widespread perception that penetrative sex “bonds” a person to one sexual partner for life contributes to coercive behaviour. Experiences of, and silence around, sexual abuse and harassment affects young people’s confidence in subsequent sexual interactions. Young people described lives punctuated by violence that helped ensure a lack of justice for survivors. Limited sexual health communication between young people and adults combined with widespread gender discrimination restrict young people’s access to reliable information and services in Bangladesh. Although taboos around sexuality have been documented in health research, there is little in-depth research on how young people navigate socio-sexual norms in their everyday lives. The objective of this article is to identify and discuss perceived socio-sexual norms and how young people experience and navigate these. This article is based on ethnographic data generated in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2019 as part of the first author’s doctoral research. Using thematic analysis, we draw on experiences of sexual norms and violence from in-depth biographical interviews with 46 individuals aged 18 to 24 from middle- or working-class backgrounds. Young people identified sexual abstinence before marriage as a key norm and highlighted several challenges when trying to negotiate this norm in practice. Widespread perception that penetrative sex “bonds” a person to one sexual partner for life contributes to coercive behaviour. Experiences of, and silence around, sexual abuse and harassment affects young people’s confidence in subsequent sexual interactions. Young people described lives punctuated by violence that helped ensure a lack of justice for survivors

PARTIAL VERSUS TOTAL UROGENITAL MOBILIZATION IN UROGENITAL RECONSTRUCTION: A META-ANALYSIS

Objective: Urogenital sinus, cloacal malformation and congenital adrenal hyperplasia are some of the congenital anomalies which comprehensive management should be done to achieve better outcomes. Total Urogenital Mobilization (TUM) and Partial Urogenital Mobilization (PUM) are the most widely used in term of surgical management. However, many researches showed different outcomes of those procedures. This meta-analysis aims to compare the outcome of TUM and PUM in urogenital reconstruction. Material & Methods: Studies were collected from five different search engines (PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar) with keyword as mentioned in the methods section of this paper. All full text articles were included. Critical appraisal for each study was done using the Oxford Center of Evidence Based Medicine Worksheet for therapy. Data were analyzed by Cochrane's Review Manager 5.3 for charts and plots builder. Results: Three studies were found with 81 participants divided into PUM or TUM group. All studies were analyzed by using the Mantel-Haenszel test to produce Forest plot. Overall, urinary incontinence event was more common found in patient who underwent TUM compare with PUM (OR 8.21; 95%CI: 1.1-61.11; p=0.04). Conclusion: PUM has a better urinary outcome in comparison with TUM. Further study with a better study design, follow-up and standardized evaluation is needed to achieve a better understanding on urogenital reconstruction and management